Association of Abnormal Eye Gaze Pattern with Magical Ideation during Reality Evaluation in Patients with Schizophrenia / 대한정신분열병학회지

OBJECTIVES: Magical ideation refers to belief in forms of causation that by conventional standards are invalid, and is considered to be one of prodromal psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between magical ideation and eye gaze pattern in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Eye gaze data were recorded in 23 patients with schizophrenia and 23 healthy controls while performing the reality evaluation task, in which participants should judge the realness of real or unreal pictures. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed decreased fixation, saccade and area of interest (AOI) fixation counts, and reduced scanpath length. Magical Ideation Scale score in patients with schizophrenia showed negative correlation with the scanpath length in the real condition and the AOI fixation count in the unreal condition. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia show restricted visual scanning during reality evaluation, and their restricted visual scanning may play an important role in the magical ideation.

Evidências de validade do Rorschach Performance Assessment System no diagnóstico da esquizofrenia / Evidence of validity of Rorschach Performance Assessment System in the diagnosis of schizophrenia / La evidencia de la validez del Rorschach Performance Assessment System en el diagnóstico de la esquizofrenia

O Método de Rorschach tem-se mostrado um eficaz instrumento para avaliação da personalidade, bem como para identificação de padrões psicopatológicos, em especial, a esquizofrenia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi buscar evidências de validade para o Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) para o contexto brasileiro. Foram administrados o R-PAS e a Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) em 70 setenta adultos, divididos em 35 pacientes com esquizofrenia e 35 não pacientes. Os resultados das comparações evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para as variáveis (Hd), An, FQo, FQu, FQn, P, DV, DR, INC, CON, MAH, MAP, GHR, PHR, EII-3 e TP-Comp (p<0,05). Foram encontradas associações positivas e de forte magnitude para o escore obtido na MIS e para as variáveis do R-PAS, EII-3 e TP-Comp (r=0,84 e 0,85, respectivamente). Assim sendo, interpretam-se os resultados como evidências de validade para o R-PAS no contexto brasileiro...

The Rorschach method has proven an effective tool for personality assessment and identification of psychopathological patterns, in particular schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to seek validity evidences for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) in a Brazilian context. Both R-PAS and the Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) were administered in 70 adults, 35 schizophrenic patients, and 35 non-patients. The results of the comparisons showed statistically significant differences for the variables (Hd), An, FQo, FQu, FQn, P, DV, DR, INC, CON, MAH, MAP, GHR, PHR, EII-3 and TP-Comp (p<0.05). There were positive and strong magnitude associations to the score obtained in MIS and the variables of the R-PAS, EII-3 and TP-Comp (r=0.84 and 0.85, respectively). Therefore the results can be interpreted as evidence of validity for the R-PAS in a Brazilian context...

El método de Rorschach ha demostrado ser una herramienta eficaz para la evaluación de la personalidad y la identificación de patrones psicopatológicos, en particular la esquizofrenia. El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar evidencia de validez para el Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) en contexto brasileño. Se administraron el R-PAS y la Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) en 70 adultos divididos en 35 pacientes con esquizofrenia, y 35 no pacientes. Los resultados de las comparaciones mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para las variables (Hd), An, FQo, FQu, FQn, P, DV, DR, INC, CON, MAH, MAP, GHR, PHR, EII-3 y TP-Comp (p<0,05). Se encontraron associaciones positivas y magnitud fuerte a la puntuación obtenida en las MIS y las variables del R-PAS, EII-3 y TP-Comp (r=0,84 y 0,85, respectivamente). Así, se interpretan los resultados como evidencia de validez para el R-PAS en el contexto brasileño...

A Comparison of Magical Ideation in Nonclinical Adolescent and Adult Groups : An Item Response Theory Based Differential Item Functioning Analysis / 대한정신분열병학회지

OBJECTIVES: We examined magical ideation in adolescent and adult group by Magical Ideation Scale (MIS). We also explored how adolescents and adults respond differently to each items of MIS. METHODS: 310 nonclinical adults and 310 Year 10 students participated in this study, and completed MIS and Symptom Checklist 90-revision (SCL-90-R). Total scores of MIS were compared between adults and adolescents. The item characteristics of MIS were evaluated by item response theory (IRT). Differential item functioning (DIF) was detected using the parameters of IRT. RESULTS: Total score of MIS was higher in adolescents than in adults, but there was no statistical significance. Item 5, 10, 13, and 16 showed significant difference on item difficulty parameters and were identified as DIF. Among DIF items, item 5 was more difficult for adolescents than adults. Item 10, 13, and 16 were more difficult for adults than adolescents. The modified MIS score excluding 4 DIF items was significantly higher in adolescents than adults. CONCLUSION: The influence of age on response to DIF items should be considered when comparing MIS scores between adolescents and adults.